Amateur Radio Wiki - User contributions [en]

User talk:YL

2008-09-28T02:47:31Z

YL: Removing all content from page

Field day

2008-06-17T01:39:11Z

YL: Created Field Day page. Needs a lot more details.

{{Template:Stub}}
Field Day is one of the premier amateur radio contests in the United States. It is held on the fourth full weekend in June, and lasts approximately 24 hours.

There are a number of different categories in which Field Day contestants can compete. These include A (groups of three or more operators, usually clubs), B (one or two people), C ([[mobile station|mobile stations]], usually attached to vehicles), D (home stations running on regular wall outlet power), E (home stations running on emergency power, such as batteries, wind, or solar), and F (Emergency Operations Centers).

[http://www.arrl.org/contests/rules/2008/fd.html ARRL Field Day 2008 Rules]

FAQ

2008-06-15T02:57:03Z

YL: Pointed "what is impedance?" at existing Impedance page.

Got a question that you can't find an answer to? Put it here.

[[What causes QRN?]]<br>
[[impedance|What is impedance?]]<br>
[[What is the best way to learn Morse?]]<br>
[[What is best type of morse key?]]<br>
[[How does QSLing work in Amateur Radio]]<br>
[[Why are the country code prefixes as they are?]]<br>

User:TimVK4YEH

2008-05-21T23:49:29Z

YL:

[[Help talk:Contents]] should be deleted... it was created to house just spam. [[User:Hardaker|Hardaker]] 18:51, 15 April 2008 (CDT)

It has been deleted. [[User:YL|YL]] 21:36, 15 April 2008 (CDT)

I have blocked the IP of our recent spammer. [[User:YL|YL]] 21:39, 16 April 2008 (CDT)

Tim, you should edit the image of the folded dipole on the "dipole" page. It lists the length as "1/2 lambda lambda"; we need to delete one of the lambdas. [[User:YL|YL]] 18:49, 21 May 2008 (CDT)

Antennas

2008-05-21T23:46:24Z

YL: Set resistance, capacitance, and inductance to link to relevant articles.

{{Template:Stub}}
Related wiki page: [[Feedlines]]

Antennas are electrical circuits designed to facilitate the transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic radiation.

Antennas are specifically designed to transmit/receive as much electromagnetic radiation as possible, whereas most circuits are designed to emit/detect as little as possible. However, even a [[dummy load]] will emit a small amount of electromagnetic energy when radio-frequency oscillations are applied to it.

== Antenna Size ==

Optimized antennas will have dimensions of the same order as the wavelength of operation. A [[balanced antenna]] will typically be about a half-wavelength long, and an [[unbalanced antenna]] such as a [[vertical]] will typically be about a quarter-wavelength long. It is possible to shorten antennas drastically at the cost of efficiency. See [[antenna loading]] for more discussion.

== Theory of Antennas ==

In terms of their construction, antennas are RLC circuits in which [[resistors|resistance]], [[inductors|inductance]] and [[capacitors|capacitance]] are distributed along a conductor, rather than being concentrated in a particular component such as an inductance in an inductor.

== Antenna Types ==

'''Simple Antennas:'''

[[Dipole]]

[[Loop Antenna|Loop]]

[[Omnidirectional Antenna|Omnidirectional]]

[[Random Wire Antenna|Random Wire]]

[[Vertical Antenna|Vertical]]

[[Wire Antenna|Wire]]

'''Complex Antennas:'''

[[Beam]]

[[DDRR]]

[[Dish or Parabola]]

[[Log Periodic (LPDA)]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-periodic_antenna]

[[Quad Antenna|Quad]]

[[Yagi-Uda|Yagi]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi_antenna]

'''Specialized Antennas:'''

[[DF - Direction Finding]]

[[mobile antenna|Mobile]]

[[Panel]]

[[portable antenna|Portable]]

== Baluns ==

==Understanding Antennas==

[http://www.hamuniverse.com/n4jaantennabook.html UNDERSTANDING ANTENNAS FOR THE NON-TECHNICAL HAM]

Packet radio

2008-05-21T23:43:57Z

YL: Designated as Stub.

{{Template:Stub}}

Related Wiki pages : [[APRS]], [[Echolink]], [[IRLP]], [[SSTV]]

Packet Radio is essentially the fore-runner of wireless computer networks as we know them now. It enables communication and transfer of information between operators using a computer and a ham radio station.

An excellent introduction to Packet radio can be found [http://www.choisser.com/packet/ here]. Wikipedia has a description with links [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_radio here]

Wire Antenna

2008-05-21T02:15:44Z

YL: Cleaned up text. Removed references to impedance mismatching, which is too complex for a general article and not limited to wire antennas. We need to move that to a separate detail article.

Many amateur radio antenna systems use a simple wire to carry the RF current in such a way as to radiate. One of the simplest is the half-wave center-fed [[dipole]] with [[coax]] feedline. When a radio-frequency oscillating current is applied to a dipole, the [[magnetic field]] generated around the wire expands and contracts very quickly, in most cases millions of times per second. It is the outer most part on the field that is radiated away.

The shape of a [[dipole]] resembles the letter "T". The middle leg, which consists of the [[coax]] feedline, connects the radio to the center of the upper, horizontal legs. There are several ways to make the connection. The simplest has the coax shield connected to one side and the center conductor connected to the other side. However, this can cause [[feedline radiation]] due to [[common-mode currents]]. It is often recommended that a [[balun]] be attached at the feedpoint, but many operators have good success with dipoles that have no baluns.

The feedpoint impedance of a horizontal [[dipole]] various dramatically depending on the electrical height above ground.

Refer to the article on [[impedance matching]] for more details on connecting transceivers to [[feedline]] and [[feedline]] to antennas.

Antennas

2008-05-21T02:09:01Z

YL: Fixed link to "vertical" wiki page.

{{Template:Stub}}
Related wiki page: [[Feedlines]]

Antennas are electrical circuits designed to facilitate the transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic radiation.

Antennas are specifically designed to transmit/receive as much electromagnetic radiation as possible, whereas most circuits are designed to emit/detect as little as possible. However, even a [[dummy load]] will emit a small amount of electromagnetic energy when radio-frequency oscillations are applied to it.

== Antenna Size ==

Optimized antennas will have dimensions of the same order as the wavelength of operation. A [[balanced antenna]] will typically be about a half-wavelength long, and an [[unbalanced antenna]] such as a [[vertical]] will typically be about a quarter-wavelength long. It is possible to shorten antennas drastically at the cost of efficiency. See [[antenna loading]] for more discussion.

== Theory of Antennas ==

In terms of their construction, antennas are RLC circuits in which [[resistance]], [[inductance]] and [[capacitance]] are distributed along a conductor, rather than being concentrated in a particular component such as an inductance in an inductor.

== Antenna Types ==

'''Simple Antennas:'''

[[Dipole]]

[[Loop Antenna|Loop]]

[[Omnidirectional Antenna|Omnidirectional]]

[[Random Wire Antenna|Random Wire]]

[[Vertical Antenna|Vertical]]

[[Wire Antenna|Wire]]

'''Complex Antennas:'''

[[Beam]]

[[DDRR]]

[[Dish or Parabola]]

[[Log Periodic (LPDA)]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-periodic_antenna]

[[Quad Antenna|Quad]]

[[Yagi-Uda|Yagi]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi_antenna]

'''Specialized Antennas:'''

[[DF - Direction Finding]]

[[mobile antenna|Mobile]]

[[Panel]]

[[portable antenna|Portable]]

== Baluns ==

==Understanding Antennas==

[http://www.hamuniverse.com/n4jaantennabook.html UNDERSTANDING ANTENNAS FOR THE NON-TECHNICAL HAM]

Antennas

2008-05-21T02:07:50Z

YL: Added discussion of size, link to not-yet-written article on loading short antennas, designated as stub.

{{Template:Stub}}
Related wiki page: [[Feedlines]]

Antennas are electrical circuits designed to facilitate the transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic radiation.

Antennas are specifically designed to transmit/receive as much electromagnetic radiation as possible, whereas most circuits are designed to emit/detect as little as possible. However, even a [[dummy load]] will emit a small amount of electromagnetic energy when radio-frequency oscillations are applied to it.

== Antenna Size ==

Optimized antennas will have dimensions of the same order as the wavelength of operation. A [[balanced antenna]] will typically be about a half-wavelength long, and an [[unbalanced antenna]] such as a [[vertical antenna|vertical]] will typically be about a quarter-wavelength long. It is possible to shorten antennas drastically at the cost of efficiency. See [[antenna loading]] for more discussion.

== Theory of Antennas ==

In terms of their construction, antennas are RLC circuits in which [[resistance]], [[inductance]] and [[capacitance]] are distributed along a conductor, rather than being concentrated in a particular component such as an inductance in an inductor.

== Antenna Types ==

'''Simple Antennas:'''

[[Dipole]]

[[Loop Antenna|Loop]]

[[Omnidirectional Antenna|Omnidirectional]]

[[Random Wire Antenna|Random Wire]]

[[Vertical Antenna|Vertical]]

[[Wire Antenna|Wire]]

'''Complex Antennas:'''

[[Beam]]

[[DDRR]]

[[Dish or Parabola]]

[[Log Periodic (LPDA)]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-periodic_antenna]

[[Quad Antenna|Quad]]

[[Yagi-Uda|Yagi]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi_antenna]

'''Specialized Antennas:'''

[[DF - Direction Finding]]

[[mobile antenna|Mobile]]

[[Panel]]

[[portable antenna|Portable]]

== Baluns ==

==Understanding Antennas==

[http://www.hamuniverse.com/n4jaantennabook.html UNDERSTANDING ANTENNAS FOR THE NON-TECHNICAL HAM]

4 metres

2008-05-21T01:58:24Z

YL: Added 4 meter band chart from "Four Metres Website", with permission.

__NOTOC__
{{Band
|band=4m
|USG=None
|USE=None
|USA=None
|UST=None
}}

The amateur 4 metre band is located just above 70 MHz.

== Equipment ==

The 4 metre band is available to amateurs in certain countries in Region 1, but is not available in the United States or Japan. This makes manufactured radio equipment for the band very rare. Most amateurs use [[homebrew]] or modified gear to operate on 4 metres.

Different countries have different 4 metre band edges, as shown in this [http://www.70mhz.org/bands.htm band chart].

== Modulation ==

== Propagation ==

== Additional Information ==

A good source of information is the [http://www.70mhz.org/index.php?categoryid=1 Four Metres Website].

== Band plan for 4 metres ==

<div style="margin-left: 20px; float: left; border: 2px solid #aaa;">
[[Image:4m chart.png]]
</div>

File:4m chart.png

2008-05-21T01:48:38Z

YL: Chart of 4 meter bandplan, showing differences by Region 1 nation. Permission to host on amateur radio wiki granted by one of the co-owners of the "Four Metres Website".

Chart of 4 meter bandplan, showing differences by Region 1 nation. Permission to host on amateur radio wiki granted by one of the co-owners of the "Four Metres Website".

Band plan

2008-05-21T01:44:09Z

YL: Tightened up syntax.

Related Wiki pages [[Records - Distance]]

== Band Ranges ==

* [[HF]] 3 MHz to 30 MHz
* [[VHF]] 30 MHz to 300 MHz
* [[UHF]] 300 MHz to 3 000 MHz (3GHz)
* [[Microwave|Microwave and other bands]] above 3 GHz

== HF Bands ==

There are a number of amateur [[HF]] bands used worldwide, although the bands and frequencies legally available vary from country to country.

[[HF]] bands used today include [[160 metres]], [[80 metres]], [[60 metres]], [[40 metres]], [[30 metres]], [[20 metres]], [[17 metres]], [[15 metres]], and [[10 metres]]. (Although 160 meters is often considered a Medium Frequency (MF) band, it can be lumped in with the HF bands for simplicity.)

== VHF/UHF/Microwave Bands ==

[[VHF]], [[UHF]], and [[microwave]] bands and frequencies available to amateurs vary more widely from country to country than HF bands do.

Amateur bands used today include [[6 metres]], [[4 metres]], [[2 metres]], [[1.25 metres]], [[70 centimetres]], [[33 centimetres]], [[23 centimetres]], and [[3 centimetres]].

== Band Plans ==

Within three regions around the world, different "plans" are agreed upon by Amateur Radio Operators to divide up the authorized band into sections. Each section is targeted to a specific operating [[Modes|mode]] (e.g., [[Modes#Single-Sideband Modulation (SSB)|SSB]], [[Modes#Frequency Modulation (FM)|FM]], Digital, etc).

== Region Band Plans ==

From the [http://www.iaru.org/ IARU] website.

'''Region 1''' encompasses Africa, the Mediterranean, Europe, and Asiatic Russia

* IARU [http://www.iaru-r1.org/Spectrumbp.htm Region 1 website]

'''Region 2''' encompasses North America, South America, and Greenland

* IARU [http://www.iaru-r2.org/band-plan/ Region 2 website]

'''Region 3''' encompasses India, Australia, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, New Zealand, and Pacific nations.

* IARU [http://www.jarl.or.jp/iaru-r3/ Region 3 website]

== Country Band Plans (Alphabetical) ==

* The [http://www.wia.org.au/members/bandplans/about/ Australian Band Plan] can be downloaded in pdf from the [http://www.wia.org.au/ Wireless Institute of Australia]

* The [http://www.nzart.org.nz/nzart/repeaters/ New Zealand Band Plan] can be found at [http://www.nzart.org.nz/nzart/ NZART]

* [[United States Band Plan]]

== Extended Electromagnetic Spectrum Information ==

<table border = 1>
<tr>
<td> Boundary frequency

and wavelength </td>
<td> Name </td>
<td> Notes </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 0Hz

30Hz
</td>
<td> un-named </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10Mm

300Hz
</td>
<td> Extra Low Frequency – ELF </td>
<td> Mains power is in this range usually 50Hz or 60Hz </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1Mm

3kHz
</td>
<td> Voice </td>
<td> Most useful voice is in this range although frequencies outside may be audible </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 100km

30kHz
</td>
<td> Very Low Frequency - VLF </td>
<td>Omega navigation system 10kHz and 14kHz </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10km

300kHz
</td>
<td> Low Frequency - LF </td>
<td> Some Radio navigation beacons in this band </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1km

3MHz
</td>
<td> Medium frequency - MF </td>
<td> AM broadcast radio stations </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1km

30MHz
</td>
<td> High Frequency - HF </td>
<td> AM CB at 27MHz

10m, 12m, 15m, 17m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 80m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10m

300MHz
</td>
<td>Very High Frequency – VHF </td>
<td> FM broadcast stations
VHF marine
2m, 6m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1m

3GHz
</td>
<td> Very High Frequency – VHF </td>
<td> FM broadcast stations
VHF marine
2m, 6m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1m

3GHz
</td>
<td> Ultra High Frequency - UHF </td>
<td> UHF CB, Mobile phones
UHF TV, Microwave ovens
1.25m, 70cm, 23cm ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10cm

30GHz
</td>
<td> Super High Frequency – SHF </td>
<td> 3 cm, 1.25 cm ham bands </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1cm

300GHz
</td>
<td> Extra High Frequency – EHF </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1mm

300THz
</td>
<td> Infrared </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1um </td>
<td> Visible light </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td> Ultra Violet </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>

Impedance

2008-04-26T01:34:03Z

YL: First draft of impedance page.

Impedance is a property of electrical circuits that "impedes" current from flowing. Fundamentally, there are two types of impedance: '''[[Resistance]]''' and '''[[Reactance]]'''.

The magnitude of impedance (represented by <math>Z\,</math>) of a circuit or component can be computed by taking the sum of the squares of the resistance (represented by <math>R\,</math>) and reactance (represented by <math>X\,</math>).

<math>Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2}\,</math>

However, it is more useful to represent impedance as a [[complex number]] and use it in [[phasor analysis]].

Impedance can be used in the normal [[Ohm's Law]] equation:

<math>V = IZ\,</math>

where V is voltage and I is current. For working with [[alternating current]], this is more correct than the usual [[direct current]] equation <math>V = IR\,</math>.

Band plan

2008-04-26T01:20:45Z

YL: Minor rephrasing.

== Band Ranges ==

* [[HF]] 3 MHz to 30 MHz
* [[VHF]] 30 MHz to 300 MHz
* [[UHF]] 300 MHz to 3 000 MHz (3GHz)
* [[Microwave|Microwave and other bands]] above 3 GHz

== HF Bands ==

There are a number of amateur [[HF]] bands used worldwide, although the bands and frequencies legally available vary from country to country.

[[HF]] bands used today include [[160 metres]], [[80 metres]], [[60 metres]], [[40 metres]], [[30 metres]], [[20 metres]], [[17 metres]], [[15 metres]], and [[10 metres]]. (Although 160 meters is often considered a Medium Frequency (MF) band, it can be lumped in with the HF bands for simplicity.)

== VHF/UHF/Microwave Bands ==

[[VHF]], [[UHF]], and [[microwave]] bands and frequencies available to amateurs vary more widely from country to country than HF bands do.

Amateur bands used today include [[6 metres]], [[4 metres]], [[2 metres]], [[1.25 metres]], [[70 centimetres]], [[33 centimetres]], [[23 centimetres]], and [[3 centimetres]].

== Band Plans ==

Within three regions around the world, different "plans" are agreed upon by Amateur Radio Operators to divide up the authorized band into sections. Each section is targeted to a specific operating [[Modes|mode]] (for example, [[Modes#Single-Sideband Modulation (SSB)|SSB]], [[Modes#Frequency Modulation (FM)|FM]], Digital, ...).

== Region Band Plans ==

From the [http://www.iaru.org/ IARU] website.

'''Region 1''' encompasses Africa, the Mediterranean, Europe, and Asiatic Russia

* IARU [http://www.iaru-r1.org/Spectrumbp.htm Region 1 website]

'''Region 2''' encompasses North America, South America, and Greenland

* IARU [http://www.iaru-r2.org/band-plan/ Region 2 website]

'''Region 3''' encompasses India, Australia, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, New Zealand, and Pacific nations.

* IARU [http://www.jarl.or.jp/iaru-r3/ Region 3 website]

== Country Band Plans (Alphabetical) ==

* The [http://www.wia.org.au/members/bandplans/about/ Australian Band Plan] can be downloaded in pdf from the [http://www.wia.org.au/ Wireless Institute of Australia]

* The [http://www.nzart.org.nz/nzart/repeaters/ New Zealand Band Plan] can be found at [http://www.nzart.org.nz/nzart/ NZART]

* [[United States Band Plan]]

== Extended Electromagnetic Spectrum Information ==

<table border = 1>
<tr>
<td> Boundary frequency

and wavelength </td>
<td> Name </td>
<td> Notes </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 0Hz

30Hz
</td>
<td> un-named </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10Mm

300Hz
</td>
<td> Extra Low Frequency – ELF </td>
<td> Mains power is in this range usually 50Hz or 60Hz </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1Mm

3kHz
</td>
<td> Voice </td>
<td> Most useful voice is in this range although frequencies outside may be audible </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 100km

30kHz
</td>
<td> Very Low Frequency - VLF </td>
<td>Omega navigation system 10kHz and 14kHz </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10km

300kHz
</td>
<td> Low Frequency - LF </td>
<td> Some Radio navigation beacons in this band </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1km

3MHz
</td>
<td> Medium frequency - MF </td>
<td> AM broadcast radio stations </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1km

30MHz
</td>
<td> High Frequency - HF </td>
<td> AM CB at 27MHz

10m, 12m, 15m, 17m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 80m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10m

300MHz
</td>
<td>Very High Frequency – VHF </td>
<td> FM broadcast stations
VHF marine
2m, 6m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1m

3GHz
</td>
<td> Very High Frequency – VHF </td>
<td> FM broadcast stations
VHF marine
2m, 6m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1m

3GHz
</td>
<td> Ultra High Frequency - UHF </td>
<td> UHF CB, Mobile phones
UHF TV, Microwave ovens
1.25m, 70cm, 23cm ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10cm

30GHz
</td>
<td> Super High Frequency – SHF </td>
<td> 3 cm, 1.25 cm ham bands </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1cm

300GHz
</td>
<td> Extra High Frequency – EHF </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1mm

300THz
</td>
<td> Infrared </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1um </td>
<td> Visible light </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td> Ultra Violet </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>

Band plan

2008-04-26T01:16:15Z

YL: Added 3 cm (10 GHz) and 1.25 cm (24 GHz) ham bands to SHF.

== Band Ranges ==

* [[HF]] 3 MHz to 30 MHz
* [[VHF]] 30 MHz to 300 MHz
* [[UHF]] 300 MHz to 3 000 MHz (3GHz)
* [[Microwave|Microwave and other bands]] above 3 GHz

== HF Bands ==

There are a number of amateur [[HF]] bands used worldwide, although the bands and frequencies legally available vary from country to country.

[[HF]] bands used today include [[160 metres]], [[80 metres]], [[60 metres]], [[40 metres]], [[30 metres]], [[20 metres]], [[17 metres]], [[15 metres]], and [[10 metres]]. (Although 160 meters is often considered a Medium Frequency (MF) band, we lump it in with the HF bands for simplicity.)

== VHF/UHF/Microwave Bands ==

[[VHF]], [[UHF]], and [[microwave]] bands and frequencies available to amateurs vary more widely from country to country than HF bands do.

Amateur bands used today include [[6 metres]], [[4 metres]], [[2 metres]], [[1.25 metres]], [[70 centimetres]], [[33 centimetres]], [[23 centimetres]], and [[3 centimetres]].

== Band Plans ==

Within three regions around the world, different "plans" are agreed upon by Amateur Radio Operators to divide up the authorized band into sections. Each section is targeted to a specific operating [[Modes|mode]] (for example, [[Modes#Single-Sideband Modulation (SSB)|SSB]], [[Modes#Frequency Modulation (FM)|FM]], Digital, ...).

== Region Band Plans ==

From the [http://www.iaru.org/ IARU] website.

'''Region 1''' encompasses Africa, the Mediterranean, Europe, and Asiatic Russia

* IARU [http://www.iaru-r1.org/Spectrumbp.htm Region 1 website]

'''Region 2''' encompasses North America, South America, and Greenland

* IARU [http://www.iaru-r2.org/band-plan/ Region 2 website]

'''Region 3''' encompasses India, Australia, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, New Zealand, and Pacific nations.

* IARU [http://www.jarl.or.jp/iaru-r3/ Region 3 website]

== Country Band Plans (Alphabetical) ==

* The [http://www.wia.org.au/members/bandplans/about/ Australian Band Plan] can be downloaded in pdf from the [http://www.wia.org.au/ Wireless Institute of Australia]

* The [http://www.nzart.org.nz/nzart/repeaters/ New Zealand Band Plan] can be found at [http://www.nzart.org.nz/nzart/ NZART]

* [[United States Band Plan]]

== Extended Electromagnetic Spectrum Information ==

<table border = 1>
<tr>
<td> Boundary frequency

and wavelength </td>
<td> Name </td>
<td> Notes </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 0Hz

30Hz
</td>
<td> un-named </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10Mm

300Hz
</td>
<td> Extra Low Frequency – ELF </td>
<td> Mains power is in this range usually 50Hz or 60Hz </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1Mm

3kHz
</td>
<td> Voice </td>
<td> Most useful voice is in this range although frequencies outside may be audible </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 100km

30kHz
</td>
<td> Very Low Frequency - VLF </td>
<td>Omega navigation system 10kHz and 14kHz </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10km

300kHz
</td>
<td> Low Frequency - LF </td>
<td> Some Radio navigation beacons in this band </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1km

3MHz
</td>
<td> Medium frequency - MF </td>
<td> AM broadcast radio stations </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1km

30MHz
</td>
<td> High Frequency - HF </td>
<td> AM CB at 27MHz

10m, 12m, 15m, 17m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 80m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10m

300MHz
</td>
<td>Very High Frequency – VHF </td>
<td> FM broadcast stations
VHF marine
2m, 6m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1m

3GHz
</td>
<td> Very High Frequency – VHF </td>
<td> FM broadcast stations
VHF marine
2m, 6m ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1m

3GHz
</td>
<td> Ultra High Frequency - UHF </td>
<td> UHF CB, Mobile phones
UHF TV, Microwave ovens
1.25m, 70cm, 23cm ham bands
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 10cm

30GHz
</td>
<td> Super High Frequency – SHF </td>
<td> 3 cm, 1.25 cm ham bands </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1cm

300GHz
</td>
<td> Extra High Frequency – EHF </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1mm

300THz
</td>
<td> Infrared </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1um </td>
<td> Visible light </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td> Ultra Violet </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>

222

2008-04-26T01:13:08Z

YL: Redirect 222 to 1.25 metres.

#REDIRECT [[1.25 metres]]

220

2008-04-26T01:12:41Z

YL: Redirect 220 to 1.25 metres.

#REDIRECT [[1.25 metres]]

440

2008-04-26T01:12:06Z

YL: Redirect 440 to 70 centimetres.

#REDIRECT [[70 centimetres]]

70 centimeters

2008-04-26T01:11:32Z

YL: Redirect 70 centimeters to 70 centimetres.

#REDIRECT [[70 centimetres]]

1.25 meters

2008-04-26T01:10:36Z

YL: Redirect 1.25 meters to 1.25 metres.

#REDIRECT [[1.25 metres]]

2 meters

2008-04-26T01:09:46Z

YL: Redirect 2 meters to 2 metres.

#REDIRECT [[2 metres]]

4 meters

2008-04-26T01:09:18Z

YL: Redirect 4 meters to 4 metres.

#REDIRECT [[4 metres]]

6 meters

2008-04-26T01:08:58Z

YL: Redirect 6 meters to 6 metres.

#REDIRECT [[6 metres]]

10 meters

2008-04-26T01:08:37Z

YL: Redirect 10 meters to 10 metres.

#REDIRECT [[10 metres]]

12 meters

2008-04-26T01:08:15Z

YL: Redirect 12 meters to 12 metres.

#REDIRECT [[12 metres]]

60 meters

2008-04-26T01:07:50Z

YL: Redirect 60 meters to 60 metres.

#REDIRECT [[60 metres]]

15 meters

2008-04-26T01:07:01Z

YL: Redirect 15 meters to 15 metres.

#REDIRECT [[15 metres]]

17 meters

2008-04-26T01:06:35Z

YL: Redirect 17 meters to 17 metres.

#REDIRECT [[17 metres]]

20 meters

2008-04-26T01:06:13Z

YL: Redirect 20 meters to 20 metres.

#REDIRECT [[20 metres]]

30 meters

2008-04-26T01:05:44Z

YL: Redirect 30 meters to 30 metres.

#REDIRECT [[30 metres]]

160 meters

2008-04-26T01:05:20Z

YL: Corrected.

#REDIRECT [[160 metres]]

160 meters

2008-04-26T01:05:04Z

YL: Redirect 160 meters to 160 metres.

#REDIRECT [[40 metres]]

40 meters

2008-04-26T01:04:37Z

YL: Redirect 40 meters to 40 metres.

#REDIRECT [[40 metres]]

80 meters

2008-04-26T01:04:01Z

YL: Redirect 80 meters to 80 metres.

#REDIRECT [[80 metres]]

Elecraft K2

2008-04-18T02:24:49Z

YL:

[[Elecraft]] introduced its first amateur radio kit in 1999. It was named the K2, after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2 second-highest mountain peak in the world].

[[Image:Elecraft_K2.jpg]]

The K2 is widely regarded as one of the highest-performance [[rig|rigs]] in amateur radio. Because it is a kit, it offers challenges above and beyond those of off-the-shelf rigs. However, it is not difficult to assemble a K2. [[Elecraft]] has written extremely detailed assembly instructions, provides ongoing support by way of email and an email list/reflector, and the design puts nearly all of the parts on one of several PC boards which plug together directly, with few wires used.

The basic K2 design puts out 15 watts on [[Modes#Continuous Wave (CW)|CW]], but its capabilities can be extended with optional add-on boards. These offer [[Modes#Single-Sideband Modulation (SSB)|SSB]], [[Digital Signal Processing (DSP)|DSP]], internal battery power, an automatic [[antenna tuner]], and other features.

Refer to the [http://www.elecraft.com/k2_page.htm Elecraft K2 web site] for more details.

Alinco DX-70TH

2008-04-18T02:23:22Z

YL:

[[Image:Alinco_DX-70TH.jpg]]

File:Alinco DX-70TH.jpg

2008-04-18T02:22:59Z

YL:

Alinco DX-70TH

2008-04-18T02:22:30Z

YL: Added image

[[Image:Alinco_DX-70TH]]

Alinco

2008-04-18T02:20:27Z

YL:

Related wiki pages: [[Elecraft]], [[Icom]], [[Kenwood]], [[Ten-Tec]], [[Yaesu]]

'''Manufacturers Website'''

'''Transceiver list'''

{| border = "1"
|'''HF including HF + 6m + VHF'''
|'''VHF and UHF including Base stations'''
|'''VHF and UHF handheld'''
|----
|[[Alinco DX-70TH]]
|Alinco DR112
|Alinco DJ-160T
|----
|Alinco DR-MO3SX
|Alinco ALD-24T
|Alinco DJ-180
|----
|Alinco DX-70TD
|Alinco ALR-206T
|Alinco DJ-190
|----
|Alinco DX-77T
|Alinco ALR-22T
|Alinco DJ-191
|----
|Alinco DX701
|Alinco DJ-620T
|Alinco DJ-193
|----
|
|Alinco DR 570
|Alinco DJ-195T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-110T
|Alinco DJ-196T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-119
|Alinco DJ-280TH
|----
|
|Alinco DR-1200T Data Radio
|Alinco DJ-296T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-130T
|Alinco DJ-480T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-135TP
|ALINCO DJ-496T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-140T
|Alinco DJ-580
|----
|
|Alinco DR-150T
|Alinco DJ-580T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-235T/G
|Alinco DJ-596
|----
|
|Alinco DR-430
|Alinco DJ-596 with EJ-43
|----
|
|ALINCO DR-435T
|Alinco DJ-596 T/E
|----
|
|Alinco DR-510
|Alinco DJ-C4
|----
|
|Alinco DR-599
|Alinco DJ-C5
|----
|
|Alinco DR-600T
|Alinco DJ-C7
|----
|
|Alinco DR-605TQ
|Alinco DJ-F1
|----
|
|Alinco DR-610TQ
|Alinco DJ-G1T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-620
|Alinco DJ-G5TH
|----
|
|Alinco DR-620 T/E
|Alinco DJ-S11
|----
|
|Alinco DR-635
|Alinco DJ-S11T
|----
|
|Alinco DR-MO6TH
|Alinco DJ-S40T
|----
|
|
|Alinco DJ-S41
|----
|
|
|Alinco DJ-V17
|----
|
|
|Alinco DJ-V27T
|----
|
|
|Alinco DJ-V5T
|----
|}

'''User Groups'''

'''Reviews'''

'''Alinco History'''

File:Elecraft K1.jpg

2008-04-18T02:18:53Z

YL:

Elecraft K1

2008-04-18T02:18:42Z

YL: Image of K1.

[[Image:Elecraft_K1.jpg]]

Elecraft K2

2008-04-18T02:15:28Z

YL: Added link to Elecraft web site.

[[Elecraft]] introduced its first amateur radio kit in 1999. It was named the K2, after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2 second-highest mountain peak in the world].

[[Image:Elecraft_K2.jpg]]

The K2 is widely regarded as one of the highest-performance [[rig|rigs]] in amateur radio. Because it is a kit, it offers challenges above and beyond those of off-the-shelf rigs. However, it is not difficult to assemble a K2. [[Elecraft]] has written extremely detailed assembly instructions, provides ongoing support by way of email and an email list/reflector, and the design puts nearly all of the parts on one of several PC boards which plug together directly, with few wires used.

The basic K2 design puts out 15 watts on [[Modes#Continuous Wave (CW)|CW]], but its capabilities can be extended with optional add-on boards. These offer [[Modes#Single-Sideband (SSB)|SSB]], [[Digital Signal Processing (DSP)|DSP]], internal battery power, an automatic [[antenna tuner]], and other features.

Refer to the [http://www.elecraft.com/k2_page.htm Elecraft K2 web site] for more details.

File:Elecraft K2.jpg

2008-04-18T02:13:04Z

YL:

Elecraft K2

2008-04-18T02:12:42Z

YL: New page: Elecraft introduced its first amateur radio kit in 1999. It was named the K2, after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2 second-highest mountain peak in the world]. [[Image:Elecraft_...

[[Elecraft]] introduced its first amateur radio kit in 1999. It was named the K2, after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2 second-highest mountain peak in the world].

[[Image:Elecraft_K2.jpg]]

The K2 is widely regarded as one of the highest-performance [[rig|rigs]] in amateur radio. Because it is a kit, it offers challenges above and beyond those of off-the-shelf rigs. However, it is not difficult to assemble a K2. [[Elecraft]] has written extremely detailed assembly instructions, provides ongoing support by way of email and an email list/reflector, and the design puts nearly all of the parts on one of several PC boards which plug together directly, with few wires used.

The basic K2 design puts out 15 watts on [[Modes#Continuous Wave (CW)|CW]], but its capabilities can be extended with optional add-on boards. These offer [[Modes#Single-Sideband (SSB)|SSB]], [[Digital Signal Processing (DSP)|DSP]], internal battery power, an automatic [[antenna tuner]], and other features.

File:Elecraft K2.jpg.jpg

2008-04-18T02:04:08Z

YL: Image of Elecraft K2.

Image of Elecraft K2.

User:TimVK4YEH

2008-04-17T02:39:19Z

YL:

160 metres

2008-04-16T02:40:58Z

YL: Added note about 160 metre antenna challenges.

{{Band
|band=160 meters
|USG=1.800-2.000
|USE=1.800-2.000
|USA=1.800-2.000
|UST=None
}}

160 metres, often known as '''Top Band''', is technically a Medium Frequency (MF) band, the only one licensed to amateurs. It is slightly higher in frequency than the [[Modes#Amplitude Modulation (AM)|AM]] broadcast band (540 kHz - 1600 kHz), and behaves similarly. 160 meters is the lowest-frequency band on which amateurs are licensed to operate.

== Equipment ==

Most amateur [[HF]] equipment supports the 160 metre band. However, it can be challenging to put up a full-size antenna on this band. Many operators use an [[inverted-L antenna]] for 160.

== Modulation ==

Operation on the 160 metre band is primarily [[Modes#Continuous Wave (CW)|CW]] and [[Modes#Single Sideband Modulation (SSB)|SSB]], but operators also use modes appropriate for [[HF]] such as [[Modes#Radio Teletype (RTTY)|RTTY]] and [[Slow-Scan Television (SSTV)|SSTV]].

== Propagation ==

Radio communication on 160 metres is prone to extreme [[D layer|D-layer]] absorption during the day. This typically limits communication to 75 miles. At night, however, the [[D-layer]] weakens and contacts can be mode over thousands of kilometres. Like the [[HF]] bands, 160 metres usually supports such long-distance communication through [[refraction]] of signals via the [[F2 layer]].

User talk:YL

2008-04-16T02:37:04Z

YL: Cleared old message.

User:TimVK4YEH

2008-04-16T02:36:25Z

YL:

[[Help talk:Contents]] should be deleted... it was created to house just spam. [[User:Hardaker|Hardaker]] 18:51, 15 April 2008 (CDT)

It has been deleted. [[User:YL|YL]] 21:36, 15 April 2008 (CDT)

Wire Antenna

2008-04-14T00:43:46Z

YL: Added more text. Ultimately I think the content of this section doesn't belong under "Wire", since it applies to all antennas. We should think about moving it.

Many amateur radio antenna systems use a simple wire to carry the RF current in such a way as to radiate. One of the simplest is the half-wave center-fed [[dipole]]. When a dipole oscillates current, in sync with the radio's RF output during a transmission, the [[magnetic field]] generated around the wire expands and contracts very quickly, in most cases millions of times per second. It is the outer most part on the field that is radiated away.

The shape of a [[dipole]] resembles the letter "T". The middle leg connects the radio to the center of the upper, horizontal legs. There are several ways to make the connection. The simplest has the coax shield connected to one side and the center conductor connected to the other side. This works but there are losses at the connection due to [[impedance]] mismatch.

The feedpoint impedance of a horizontal [[dipole]] various dramatically depending on the electrical height above ground.

For example an [[80 metres|80m]] horizontal [[dipole]] 132 feet long and 66 feet high (1/4 [[wavelength]] above ground) has a feedpoint [[impedance]] of 84 ohms. This would create a mismatch of 1.68:1 [[SWR|VSWR]] if fed with 50 ohm [[coax]]. The same antenna installed only 18 feet above ground (7 percent of a [[wavelength]]) has an [[impedance]] of 45 ohms with a mismatch of only 1.1:1 [[SWR|VSWR]]. (However, the radiation pattern of the lower antenna would put more signal at high elevation angles, suitable for local [[QSO|QSOs]], but it would be inferior for [[DX]].)

Refer to the article on [[impedance matching]] for more details on connecting transceivers to [[feedline]] and [[feedline]] to antennas.