Help:Math Help part 3

Please note that non standard characters will probably not render properly

The complete helpfile is over 50kB in size. Some browsers may have difficulty in rendering the page, because many have a notional upper limit of 32kB per page. Please choose from one of the following options to access the help file:

Related Math Help pages

• Complete math help file - over 50kB in size

• Math Help part 1 - contains information on Syntax, Rendering and Pros and Cons of TeX and HTML for math functions

• Math Help part 2 - contains information on Functions, Symbols and Special characters

• Math Help part 4 - contains information on Fractions, Matrices and Multilines

• Math Help part 5 - contains information on Alphabets and Typefaces

• Math Help part 6 - contains information on Parenthesising big expressions, Brackets and Bars

• Math Help part 7 - contains information about Spacing, Aligning with normal text flow,Forced PNG rendering, Color and examples.

This wiki uses a subset of TeX markup, including some extensions from LaTeX and AMS-LaTeX, for mathematical formulae. It generates either PNG images or simple HTML markup, depending on user preferences and the complexity of the expression. In the future, as more browsers are smarter, it will be able to generate enhanced HTML or even MathML in many cases.

More precisely, MediaWiki filters the markup through Texvc, which in turn passes the commands to TeX for the actual rendering. Thus, only a limited part of the full TeX language is supported; see below for details.

Subscripts, superscripts, integrals

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
		HTML	PNG
Superscript	a^2	<math>a^2</math>	<math>a^2 \,\!</math>
Subscript	a_2	<math>a_2</math>	<math>a_2 \,\!</math>
Grouping	a^{2+2}	<math>a^{2+2}</math>	<math>a^{2+2}\,\!</math>
	a_{i,j}	<math>a_{i,j}</math>	<math>a_{i,j}\,\!</math>
Combining sub & super	x_2^3	<math>x_2^3</math>
Preceding and/or Additional sub & super|
	{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4	<math>{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</math>
Derivative (forced PNG)	x', y'', f', f''\!		<math>x', y, f', f\!</math>
Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML)	x', y'', f', f''	<math>x', y, f', f</math>	<math>x', y, f', f\!</math>
Derivative (wrong in HTML)	x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}	<math>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</math>	<math>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}\,\!</math>
Derivative (wrong in PNG)	x\prime, y\prime\prime	<math>x\prime, y\prime\prime</math>	<math>x\prime, y\prime\prime\,\!</math>
Derivative dots	\dot{x}, \ddot{x}	<math>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</math>
Underlines, overlines, vectors	\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c	<math>\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c</math>
	\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}	<math>\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}</math>
	\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}	<math>\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</math>
Overbraces	\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}	<math>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</math>
Underbraces	\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}	<math>\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}</math>
Sum	\sum_{k=1}^N k^2	<math>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math>
Product	\prod_{i=1}^N x_i	<math>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
Coproduct	\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	<math>\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
Limit	\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	<math>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math>
Integral	\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	<math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math>
Double integral	\iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy	<math>\iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy</math>
Triple integral	\iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz	<math>\iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz</math>
Quadruple integral	\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt	<math>\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</math>
Path integral	\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy	<math>\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math>
Intersections	\bigcap_1^{n} p	<math>\bigcap_1^{n} p</math>
Unions	\bigcup_1^{k} p	<math>\bigcup_1^{k} p</math>