Gain
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What is Gain?
The gain of an antenna is the relative increase in radiation at the maximum point expressed as a value in dB above a standard. The standard to which other antennas are compared is usually a ½-wavelength dipole. The standard antenna is given a reference gain of 0dBD (zero decibel referenced to dipole). This comes from:
gain = <math> 10*log(\frac {Pe}{Pi}) </math>
Where Pe is effective radiated power and Pi is input power
An antenna with the effective radiated power of three times the input power would therefore have a gain of:
<math> 10*log(\frac {3}{1}) </math> = 4.77dBD.