Emission Classification: Difference between revisions
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What are they?== | ==What are they?== | ||
Emission classification coding is designed to provide an internationally recognised way of describing the essential characteristics of a radio frequency transmission | |||
== How are they written?== | |||
Emission codes are usually written in the form XXXX 12345, where; | Emission codes are usually written in the form XXXX 12345, where; | ||
* XXXX is used to describe the bandwidth. For example 750H means 750 Hz, and 2K50 means 2.5KHz | * XXXX is used to describe the bandwidth. For example 750H means 750 Hz, and 2K50 means 2.5KHz | ||
* 12345 is used to describe the other 5 characteristics listed | * 12345 is used to describe the other 5 characteristics listed below. Note that characteristics 4 and 5 are optional and are frequently missing from emission codes. | ||
* 1 Modulation of the main carrier | |||
* 2 The nature of the signals modulating the main carrier | |||
* 3 The type of information being transmitted | |||
* 4 Details of signals | |||
* 5 Nature of multiplexing | |||
===Carrier modulation=== | ===Carrier modulation=== | ||
[[Modes}} | <table border=1> | ||
<tr><td>N</td><td>Unmodulated carrier</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>A</td><td>Double-sideband amplitude modulation </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>H</td><td>Single-sideband with full carrier </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>R</td><td>Single-sideband with reduced-carrier or variable carrier</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>J</td><td>Single-sideband with suppressed carrier</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>B</td><td>Independent sideband (two sidebands containing different signals)</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>C</td><td>Vestigial sideband e.g. NTSC</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>F</td><td>Frequency modulation </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>G</td><td>Phase modulation</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>D</td><td>Combination of AM and FM or PM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>P</td><td>Sequence of pulses without modulation</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>K</td><td>Pulse amplitude modulation</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>L</td><td>Pulse width modulation </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>M</td><td>Pulse position modulation</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>Q</td><td>Sequence of pulses, phase or frequency modulation within each pulse</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>V</td><td>Combination of pulse modulation methods</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>W</td><td>Combination of any of the above</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>X</td><td>None of the above</td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Nature of modulating signals=== | |||
<table border=1 > | |||
<tr><td>0</td><td>No modulating signal</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>1</td><td>One channel containing digital information, no subcarrier</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>2</td><td>One channel containing digital information, using a subcarrier</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>3</td><td>One channel containing analogue information</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>7</td><td>More than one channel containing digital information</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>8</td><td>More than one channel containing analogue information</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>9</td><td>Combination of analogue and digital channels</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>X</td><td>None of the above</td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Type of information being transmitted=== | |||
<table border=1> | |||
<tr><td>N</td><td>No transmitted information</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>A</td><td>Aural telegraphy, intended to be decoded by ear, such as [[Morse code]]</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>B</td><td>Electronic telegraphy, intended to be decoded by machine ; Radioteletype and digital modes</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>C</td><td>Facsimile </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>D</td><td>Telemetry or Telecommand </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>E</td><td>Telephony (voice) </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>F</td><td>Video ; television signals</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>W</td><td>Combination of any of the above</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>X</td><td>None of the above</td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Details of Signals=== | |||
<table border=1 > | |||
<tr><td>A</td><td>Two-condition code, elements vary in quantity and duration</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>B</td><td>Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>C</td><td>Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration, error-correction included</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>D</td><td>Four-condition code, one condition per "signal element"</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>E</td><td>Multi-condition code, one condition per "signal element"</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>F</td><td>Multi-condition code, one character represented by one or more conditions</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>G</td><td>Monophonic broadcast-quality sound</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>H</td><td>Stereophonic or quadraphonic broadcast-quality sound</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>J</td><td>Commercial-quality sound (non-broadcast)</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>K</td><td>Commercial-quality sound—frequency inversion and-or "band-splitting" employed</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>L</td><td>Commercial-quality sound, independent FM signals, such as pilot tones, used to control the demodulated signal</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>M</td><td>Greyscale images or video</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>N</td><td>Full-color images or video</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>W</td><td>Combination of two or more of the above</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>X</td><td>None of the above</td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Nature of Multiplexing=== | |||
<table border=1> | |||
<tr><td>N</td><td>None used</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>C</td><td> Code division multiplexing</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>F</td><td>Frequency division multiplexing</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>T</td><td>Time division multiplexing</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>W</td><td>Combination of Frequency-division and Time-division</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>X</td><td>None of the above</td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
==Commonly used Ham Radio emission characteristics== | |||
Table 1 - Commonly used emission characteristics | |||
{| border = 1 | |||
! valign="top" | | |||
Transmission mode | |||
! colspan="4" align="middle" valign="top" | Emission mode coding examples | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| align="middle" | '''AM''' | |||
| align="middle" | '''SSB''' | |||
| align="middle" | '''FM''' | |||
| align="middle" | '''PM''' | |||
|- class="alt" | |||
| Morse | |||
| align="middle" | A1A<br /> A1B | |||
| align="middle" | J2A<br /> J2B | |||
| align="middle" | F1B<br /> | |||
| align="middle" | G1B<br /> | |||
|- | |||
| Speech | |||
| align="middle" | A3E | |||
| align="middle" | J3E | |||
| align="middle" | F3E | |||
| align="middle" | G3E | |||
|- class="alt" | |||
| Data (packet) | |||
| align="middle" | A2D<br /> A1D | |||
| align="middle" | J2D<br /> | |||
| align="middle" | FID<br /> F2D | |||
| align="middle" | G1D<br /> G2D | |||
|- | |||
| RTTY | |||
| align="middle" | A2D | |||
| align="middle" | J2D | |||
| align="middle" | F2D | |||
| align="middle" | G2D | |||
|- class="alt" | |||
| Facsimile | |||
| align="middle" | A2C | |||
| align="middle" | J2C | |||
| align="middle" | F2C | |||
| align="middle" | G2F | |||
|- | |||
| FSTV | |||
| align="middle" | C3F<br /> A3F | |||
| align="middle" | J3F<br /> | |||
| align="middle" | F3F<br /> | |||
| align="middle" | G3F<br /> | |||
|- class="alt" | |||
| SSTV | |||
| align="middle" | A2F<br /> | |||
| align="middle" | J2F<br /> J3F | |||
| align="middle" | F2F<br /> F3F | |||
| align="middle" | G2F<br /> G3F | |||
|} | |||
{{Modes}} | |||
Latest revision as of 21:57, 29 June 2009
What are they?
Emission classification coding is designed to provide an internationally recognised way of describing the essential characteristics of a radio frequency transmission
How are they written?
Emission codes are usually written in the form XXXX 12345, where;
- XXXX is used to describe the bandwidth. For example 750H means 750 Hz, and 2K50 means 2.5KHz
- 12345 is used to describe the other 5 characteristics listed below. Note that characteristics 4 and 5 are optional and are frequently missing from emission codes.
- 1 Modulation of the main carrier
- 2 The nature of the signals modulating the main carrier
- 3 The type of information being transmitted
- 4 Details of signals
- 5 Nature of multiplexing
Carrier modulation
| N | Unmodulated carrier |
| A | Double-sideband amplitude modulation |
| H | Single-sideband with full carrier |
| R | Single-sideband with reduced-carrier or variable carrier |
| J | Single-sideband with suppressed carrier |
| B | Independent sideband (two sidebands containing different signals) |
| C | Vestigial sideband e.g. NTSC |
| F | Frequency modulation |
| G | Phase modulation |
| D | Combination of AM and FM or PM |
| P | Sequence of pulses without modulation |
| K | Pulse amplitude modulation |
| L | Pulse width modulation |
| M | Pulse position modulation |
| Q | Sequence of pulses, phase or frequency modulation within each pulse |
| V | Combination of pulse modulation methods |
| W | Combination of any of the above |
| X | None of the above |
Nature of modulating signals
| 0 | No modulating signal |
| 1 | One channel containing digital information, no subcarrier |
| 2 | One channel containing digital information, using a subcarrier |
| 3 | One channel containing analogue information |
| 7 | More than one channel containing digital information |
| 8 | More than one channel containing analogue information |
| 9 | Combination of analogue and digital channels |
| X | None of the above |
Type of information being transmitted
| N | No transmitted information |
| A | Aural telegraphy, intended to be decoded by ear, such as Morse code |
| B | Electronic telegraphy, intended to be decoded by machine ; Radioteletype and digital modes |
| C | Facsimile |
| D | Telemetry or Telecommand |
| E | Telephony (voice) |
| F | Video ; television signals |
| W | Combination of any of the above |
| X | None of the above |
Details of Signals
| A | Two-condition code, elements vary in quantity and duration |
| B | Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration |
| C | Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration, error-correction included |
| D | Four-condition code, one condition per "signal element" |
| E | Multi-condition code, one condition per "signal element" |
| F | Multi-condition code, one character represented by one or more conditions |
| G | Monophonic broadcast-quality sound |
| H | Stereophonic or quadraphonic broadcast-quality sound |
| J | Commercial-quality sound (non-broadcast) |
| K | Commercial-quality sound—frequency inversion and-or "band-splitting" employed |
| L | Commercial-quality sound, independent FM signals, such as pilot tones, used to control the demodulated signal |
| M | Greyscale images or video |
| N | Full-color images or video |
| W | Combination of two or more of the above |
| X | None of the above |
Nature of Multiplexing
| N | None used |
| C | Code division multiplexing |
| F | Frequency division multiplexing |
| T | Time division multiplexing |
| W | Combination of Frequency-division and Time-division |
| X | None of the above |
Commonly used Ham Radio emission characteristics
Table 1 - Commonly used emission characteristics
|
Transmission mode |
Emission mode coding examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM | SSB | FM | PM | |
| Morse | A1A A1B |
J2A J2B |
F1B |
G1B |
| Speech | A3E | J3E | F3E | G3E |
| Data (packet) | A2D A1D |
J2D |
FID F2D |
G1D G2D |
| RTTY | A2D | J2D | F2D | G2D |
| Facsimile | A2C | J2C | F2C | G2F |
| FSTV | C3F A3F |
J3F |
F3F |
G3F |
| SSTV | A2F |
J2F J3F |
F2F F3F |
G2F G3F |
| Modes of operation | |
| Modes | CW * AM * FM * SSB * Digital * Echolink * Emission Classification * IRLP * Optical communications |
| Packet | APRS * D-Star |
| SSTV and ATV | SSTV frequencies * SSTV Modes |